《植物生理学报》 2016, 52(12): 1819-1828
通信作者：高东升；E-mail: dsgao@sdau.edu.cn
摘 要：
本实验以15年生的‘肥城’桃(Prunus persica cv. Feicheng, 简称“肥桃”)为试材, 设置不同海藻有机肥施肥量HZ20 (20 kg•株-1)、HZ40 (40 kg•株-1)、HZ80 (80 kg•株-1)和CK (0 kg•株-1), 系统研究了海藻有机肥不同施肥量对土壤营养状况、叶片光合能力及果实品质的影响, 以期筛选出能提高土壤肥力, 有效改善肥桃品质的施肥量。本研究显示, 施用海藻肥可提高光合效率, 增加肥桃单果重, 并有效提高肥桃果实可溶性总糖和蔗糖含量, 降低肥桃果实有机酸中苹果酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸和总酸含量, 提高果实的糖酸比, 其中: (1) HZ80对提高土壤肥力的效果最好, 可以提高土壤有机质、硝态氮、铵态氮、有效钾和有效磷含量, 与CK相比, 分别提高了70.33%、68.65%、68.05%、84.07%和49.08%; (2) HZ40对提高叶片中叶黄素、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量的效果最好, 三个施肥量均可提高叶片的光系统II (PSII)原始光能转化效率和净光合速率; (3)对果实品质而言, HZ40处理效果最好, 可以提高总糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量, 与CK相比, 分别提高了29.17%、16.52%和48.3%; 可以降低苹果酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸和总酸含量, 与CK相比, 分别降低了28.80%、42.61%、38.83%和36.48%。肥料的施用应以土壤与养分的充分利用为前提, 并计算肥料折价率等问题, 所以建议实际农业生产中使用40 kg•株-1海藻有机肥。关键词：‘肥城’桃; 海藻有机肥; 土壤肥力; 果实品质
收稿：2016-03-25 修定：2016-09-09
资助：山东省现代农业产业技术体系水果产业技术体系水果产业创新团队-栽培与设施装备项目(SDAIT-03-022-05)和‘肥城’桃提质增效工程(2011GB2C600248)。
Corresponding author: GAO Dong-Sheng; E-mail: dsgao@sdau.edu.cn
Abstract:
‘Feicheng’ peach (Prunus persica cv. Feicheng) of 15 years was chosen to evaluate the effect of seaweed fertilizer on soil fertility and fruit quality. In this experiment the peach trees were treated with seaweed fertilizer at four levels (0, 20, 40 and 80 kg•strain-1). The results show that applying seaweed fertilizer could significantly increase leaf photosynthetic efficiency and single fruit weight. With regard to peach fruit quality, the contents of sucrose and total soluble sugar increased, but the contents of malic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid and total acid decreased after fertilizer treatment. Different fertilizer treatments exhibited various influences on soil fertility, photosynthetic efficiency and fruit quality. Among them, 80 kg•strain-1 treatment was the best to improve soil fertility. Compared with CK, the contents of soil organic matter, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, effective potassium and effective phosphorus increased by 70.33%, 68.65%, 68.05%, 84.07% and 49.08%, respectively. Although other three treatments could improve peach leaf Fv/Fm and Pn, 40 kg•strain-1 treatment showed optimal effect on the contents of lutein, chlorophyll and carotenoid. Meanwhile, 40 kg•strain-1 treatment also achieved the optimal influence on the fruit quality. The contents of total sugar, glucose and sucrose in 40 kg•strain-1 group increased by 29.17%, 16.52% and 48.3%, respectively, compared to those in the control group. On the basis of the full use of nutrients and cost control, 40 kg•strain-1 treatment is suggested to be optimal for practical agricultural production.Key words: ‘Feicheng’ peach; seaweed fertilizer; soil fertility; fruit quality
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